Silver scurf, caused by the fungus helminthosporium solani h. Different species of these fungal pathogens affect different species of turfgrass. This disease is caused by a group of fungi bipolaris, drechslera, and exserohilum spp. Helminthosporium definition of helminthosporium by medical. These diseases are caused by the fungi bipolaris, drechslera and exserohilum, but were previously classified as helminthosporium bipolaris species cause leaf, crown and root diseases of fescue, bentgrass, ryegrass, bermudagrass and zoysiagrass during. Plants produced from pathogenfree tubers of four cultivars yielded tubers.
A pcrbased method for detection of potato pathogen. Silver scurf caused by helminthosporium solani causes significant economic losses in table stock, seed and processing potatoes. At any given time of the year, at least one species within this fungal group can be isolated. Helminthosporium article about helminthosporium by the. Helminthosporium leaf spots and blotches of forage grasses. Transmission of helminthosporium solani from potato seed tubers and effects of soil conditions, seed inoculum and seed physiology on silver scurf disease volume 124 issue 2 d. Notes on this genus this genus primarily contains moulds of grasses. Specific polymerase chain reaction pcr primers, hs1f1hs2r1, from h. Pdf conventional pcr and realtime quantitative pcr. Transmission of helminthosporium solani from potato seed tubers and effects of soil conditions, seed inoculum and seed physiology on silver scurf disease d. The following is a list of the reported pathogens from this genus helminthosporium and the hosts they infect.
Pdf silver scurf is an economically important blemish disease of potato caused by the fungus helminthosporium solani. In couch, helminthosporium causes dark brown or white net blotches on the leaves. Helminthosporium solani is the cause of silver scurf disease in potatoes. The feasibility study of coconut husk ash and sand as component in bricks making iii. Spondylocladium atrovirens, is primarily a blemish disease of potato solanum tuberosum that has become economically important. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble english words left, right, up, down from the falling squares. Gent identification and life cycleseasonal history helminthosporium leaf blight is a general term for several diseases caused by several fungi formerly known as helminthosporium spp. Despite its worldwide distribution, little is known about the biology of h.
The feasibility study of coconut husk ash and sand as component in bricks making ii. Helminthosporium solani is the fungus known to cause silver scurf on potato. Emergence of silver scurf helminthosporium solani as. Allen cambridge university farm, huntingdon road, girton, cambridge cb3 olh, uk revised ms received 17 may 1994 summary. Evaluating incidence of helminthosporium solani and colletotrichum coccodes on asymptomatic organic potatoes and screening potato lines for resistance to silver scurf. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the fungi imperfecti. Silver scurf, caused by helminthosporium solani dur. Helminthosporium solani helmsooverview eppo global database. A potential source of adobe sun dried bricks 57 investigatory projects i. Thus, to the current knowledge, genus helminthosporium appears to have no clinical significance and is commonly considered as a contaminant isolated from soil and grass 531, 1295. It is now usually admitted to be a helminthosporium and is probably identical with h.
Here we report the generation of a draft genome sequence of h. Survival of helminthosporium solani in soil and in vitro. Our results support the idea that potato growers should combine several control. Rice helminthosporium solani liquid mixture as agent in poultry farm odor control and elimination ii. Continuing to use this website means you agree to our use of cookies. Silver scurf is caused by the fungus helminthosporium solani. Helminthosporium is found all over the world and usually appears seasonally on dry, hot days. Cochliobolus miyabeanus the fungi causing the disease occur in two states or stages. Deposan is a preventive biofungicide, containing the active ingredient pseudomonas sp. Potato helminthosporium solani silver scurf ephytia. Solanum tuberosum, helminthosporium solani, disease progress, postharvest.
Basal rot begins as a reddish or brown rot of the crown tissue. Symptoms include grayish green, tan, or brown elliptical spots that appear on. The fungus can attack the crowns and roots resulting in a basal rot. Diversity in susceptibility was also observed for four strains of the plant pathogenic fungus helminthosporium solani to the mycoparasite acremonium strictum, with ranges of in vitro inhibition of.
Helminthosporium leaf, crown, and root diseases of turfgrasses helminthosporium leaf, crown, and root rots are a common and serious group of diseases attacking turfgrasses in the united states, including illinois. Helminthosporium turf diseases hye sook kim and brian hudelson, uwplant pathology geunhwa jung, university of massachusetts amherstplant, soil and insect sciences what are helminthosporium turf diseases. Crop protection tamil nadu agricultural university. Potato scurf is an infection of the skin of developing tubers caused by the fungus helminthosporium solani. The united nations economic commission for europe unece has drawn up an internationalreference quality standard for seed potatoes to help producers do exactly this.
We do not use these to store personal information about you. Species in this genus helminthosporium australiense. These diseases are caused by the fungi bipolaris, drechslera and exserohilum, but were previously classified as helminthosporium. Helminthosporium definition of helminthosporium by. A draft genome sequence reveals the helminthosporium. Traditional allergy tests utilize the skin prick method also known as a puncture or scratch test to determine whether an allergic reaction will occur by inserting possible triggers into your skin using a needle prick.
Dematium atrovirens harz 1871, helminthosporium atrovirens. The antifungal activity of the 15 new compounds were evaluated in vitro against five pathogenic fungi, including sclerotinia sclerotiorum, gibberella zeae, rhizoctonia. See also the detailed description page for this genus. Hughes spondylocladium atrovirens harz harz ex sacc. The standard sets out a common terminology and minimum. All but one of the species once included in genus helminthosporium are now obselete. Setosphaeria rostrata is a thermophilic fungus with an asexual reproductive form treated in the genus exserohilum as exserohilum rostratum. Dematium atrovirens harz helminthosporium atrovirens harz e. Symptoms include grayish green, tan, or brown elliptical spots that appear on lower leaves and spread later to upper leaves.
Affected plants may look scalded or as if injured by drought. Potato scurf disease information on potato silver scurf. Helminthosporium, genus of fungi in the order pleosporales phylum ascomycota, kingdom fungi that exists as asexual anamorphs and causes leaf blight, especially of grasses e. The diseases in this group are commonly referred to as melting out, leaf spot, netblotch, and crown and root rot. It is also found in soils and on textiles in subtropical and tropical regions. Transmission of helminthosporium solani from potato seed. The antifungal activity of the 15 new compounds were evaluated in vitro against five pathogenic fungi, including sclerotinia sclerotiorum, gibberella zeae, rhizoctonia solani, helminthosporium maydis and botrytis cinerea. Spondylocladium atrovirens helminthosporium solani.
Helminthosporium turf diseases university of wisconsin. Corynespora, exosporium and helminthosporium revisited new. Holleyb asouthern crop protection and food research centre, agriculture and agrifood canada, po box 6000, 4902 victoria avenue north, vineland station, ont. On the contrary, if disease pressure is too low, then selection for resistance will also be ineffective. Potato scurf disease information on potato silver scurf control. The objective of the present study was to examine the ability of two fungi, colletotrichum coccodes and helminthosporium solani, to modify the ph of potato tuber during artificial inoculation in situ. These are the asexual stage, which is called anamorph or imperfect stage and the sexual stage, which is called teleomorph or the perfect stage. The causal fungi attack essentially all turfgrasses as well as numerous pasture, wild and weed grasses, and small grains. The conidia from infected tubers can be dispersed by the ventilation system to a large number of tubers, different seed tuber lots and. Silver scurf is a plant disease that is caused by the plant pathogen helminthosporium solani. Helminthosporium solani appears to be the only active species. Not only deposan helps to reduce the number of spores of helminthosporium solani per mm2 of lesion on the tuber, but also inhibits the spores germination, not allowing diseases reproduction and. Silver scurf, caused byhelminthosporium solani, is considered to be a tuberborne disease of potato.
Silver scurf, caused by helminthosporium solani dur, and mont. Pdf evaluating incidence of helminthosporium solani and. All warmseason turfgrasses can be affected, but the disease is usually most serious on bermudagrass. Occurrence and epidemiological aspects of potato silver scurf in. Dsmz 4, effective to control silver scab helmintosporium solani on potatoes in postharvest.
The interactive potato store tips be cipc compliant. Silver scurf is a surface blemish disease of potato solanum tuberosum l. The list is organized by the scientific name of the pathogen species capital letters, followed by the various susceptible plant hosts. Emergence of silver scurf helminthosporium solani as an. Silver scurf, caused by the fungus helminthosporium solanih. Foliar blight generally begins on the oldest leaves and progresses to the newer growth. Synonym and classification data for helminthosporium spp. This disease is caused by a group of fungi that is active over a wide.
The increase in silver scurf, in several potato stores in north america and europe since 1988, in part may be due to the development of resistance of h. These diseases include southern corn leaf blight caused by. Exserohilum rostratum is one of the 35 exserohilum species implicated. It is generally classified as a dematiaceous darkwalled fungus. The fungus helminthosporium solani induces the silver scurf disease, which is. Silver scurf is a blemish disease, meaning the effect it has on tubers is mostly cosmetic and affects fresh market, processing and seed tuber potatoes.
Helminthosporium solani an overview sciencedirect topics. The fungus causes a cosmetic effect on the tubers in the form of a surface blemish which gives a dirty look to the tuber. Helmsp this website uses cookies our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience. This fungus is a common plant pathogen, causing leaf spots as well as crown rot and root rot in grasses.
Dec 21, 2001 helminthosporium solani can sporulate and infect tubers in potato stores rodriguez et al. Helminthosporium article about helminthosporium by the free. Helminthosporium diseases of turf are a group of common, cool season turfgrass diseases including helminthosporium leaf spot and melting. Since then, silver scurf has been reported in many countries. There are some reports of it affecting development, meaning growth and tuber yield. It causes blemishes on potato tubers, affecting processing and fresh market trade.
A draft genome sequence reveals the helminthosporium solani. Spondylocladium atrovirens, is primarily a blemish disease of potato solanum tuberosum that has become economically important in recent years. Brachysporium solani dematium atrovirens helminthosporium atrovirens. At the time of its release in 2000, horizon 314 exhibited excellent resistance to prevalent races of crown rust, and was moderately resistant to helminthosporium leaf spot, caused by helminthosporium sativum pam. Termorshuizen, in potato biology and biotechnology, 2007. Rice helminthosporium solani liquid mixture as agent in. The affection is known to occur in cuba, jamaica, porto rico, barbados and trinidad. Individual lesions have definite margins, and lesions merge as the. Helminthosporium solani is a slowgrowing fungal pathogen belonging to the family massarinaceae. As the disease worsens, the rot progresses up the stem. General information about helminthosporium solani helmso eppo global database. Lettris is a curious tetrisclone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content.
The fungus causes a cosmetic effect on the tubers in the form of a surface blemish which. Although this disease wasnt widely recognized until the 1990s, it has quickly become a problem for potato producers everywhere. The institute of food and agricultural sciences ifas is an equal opportunity institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with nondiscrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. The pathogen produces a netlike appearance of tiny, purpletobrown lines scattered over the surface of the leaves and stem culm.
566 213 990 481 1343 1207 422 211 1231 485 299 445 990 127 1593 775 124 638 382 1568 1274 609 155 1330 784 1134 369 570 854 1235 1371 33 149 1408 1386 58 1278